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1
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- CLUBMOSSES, SPIKE-MOSSES AND QUILLWORTS
- AND
- TRUE FERNS
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2
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- Phylum : Lycopodiophyta
- This group includes plants known as the "club mosses, spike mosses
and quillworts". The Lycopodiophyta have leaves which are described
as “microphylls”. These typs of
leaves have single vascular trace.
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3
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- Class: Aglossopsida
- Order: Lycopodiales
- This order consists of only homosporous forms. Plants usually have spirally arranged
leaves that are not associated with ligules.
- Genus: Lycopodium (Clubmosses)
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4
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5
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- Lycopodium sp. Rhizome xs
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6
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7
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- Lycopodium sp. Life Cycle
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8
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9
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- Lycopodium sp. Strobilus and Sporangia
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10
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11
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- Lycopodium sp. Gametophytes
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12
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- Class: Glossopsida
- Order: Selaginellales
- Selaginella sp.
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13
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14
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- Selaginella sp. Life Cycle
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15
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- Selaginella sp. Strobilus
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16
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17
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- Selaginella sp. gametophytes
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18
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- Order: Isoetales
- Isoetes (Quillwort)
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19
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20
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- Isoetes sp.
- Megasporophyll with megasporangia
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21
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- Isoetes sp.
- Microsporophyll with microsporangia
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22
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- Fossil Lycopodiophyta
- The Lycopodiophyta originated in the Devonian period (395 to 345
million years before present).
The Lycopodiophyta represent the oldest of the currently living
Phylums of vascular plants.
- There are several orders of fossil lycopods, we will examine only one,
the order Lepidodendrales.
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23
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- Order: Lepidodendrales
- Lepidodendron sp.
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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- Genus: Lepidocarpon (seed?)
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29
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- Phylum: Pteridophyta
- The Phylum Pteridophyta includes the ferns, which account for
approximately 10,000 species. It
is likely that the ancestors of the pteridophyes flourished during the
middle Devonian period (395-345 million years before present).
- Of the Phylums of vascular cryptogams with extant members, only the
members of the Pteridophyta are clearly "Megaphyllous",
(macrophylls).
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30
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- Class: Ophioglossopsida
- Order: Ophioglossales
- These ferns are eusporangiate and homosporous.
- Ophioglossum sp.
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31
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32
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33
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- Class: Filicopsida
- Order: Filicales
- These are the true ferns. They
are also known as the "Leptosporangiate ferns", since all
members of this class produce the delicate leptosporangia.
- Polypodium sp.
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34
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- Polypodium sp. life cycle
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35
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36
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37
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38
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39
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40
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41
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42
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43
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- Order: Marsileales
- This order contains a single family (the Marsileaceae). These are small, delicate aquatic
ferns which have their roots embedded in the bottom of ponds lakes and
streams, and their leaves are floating.
These ferns are Leptosporangiate and heterosporous. Their sporangia are borne in special
nut-like structures, called "sporocarps". These are believed to be reduced
fertile leaves.
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44
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- Marsilea sp. "Water shamrocks"
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45
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46
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47
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- Order: Salviniales
- This group is often referred to as the "Water ferns". The order has two genera, Salvinia,
and Azolla, both are small, delicate, free-floating aquatics. Both genera are leptosporangiate, and
heterosporous. Their sporangia
are found in sporocarps.
- Salvinia sp.
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48
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Notes